當(dāng)液體壓力低于蒸汽壓力時(shí),空化是一種現(xiàn)象,導(dǎo)致空腔或充滿蒸汽的氣泡形成和破裂。在軸向高壓活塞泵的情況下,氣蝕會(huì)導(dǎo)致流量脈動(dòng)并對(duì)泵的性能產(chǎn)生不利影響。此類泵中空化流脈動(dòng)的機(jī)理涉及幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵因素:
1.入口條件:氣蝕可以在泵的入口處引發(fā),這里的壓力通常是最低的。如果入口處的壓力低于液體的蒸氣壓,則會(huì)形成空化氣泡。然后這些氣泡被帶入泵的流路。
2.流動(dòng)加速:當(dāng)液體流經(jīng)泵入口時(shí),由于流路變窄,其速度增加。液體的這種加速會(huì)導(dǎo)致壓力下降,可能導(dǎo)致空化氣泡的形成。
3、氣泡膨脹:空化氣泡一旦進(jìn)入泵的高壓區(qū),壓力升高,導(dǎo)致氣泡收縮或破裂。然而,如果氣泡再次受到較低的壓力,例如在活塞的吸氣沖程期間,它們可能會(huì)重新膨脹并變大。
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-P-3-F1-E-05-GBA-42-42-24 90R100MA1BC60P3F1E05GBA424224
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-P-4-S1-D-03-GBA-23-23-24 90R100MA1BC60P4S1D03GBA232324
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-R-3-C7-E-03-GBA-42-42-20 90R100MA1BC60R3C7E03GBA424220
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-R-4-C7-E-05-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC60R4C7E05GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-C7-E-03-GBA-35-35-20 90R100MA1BC60S3C7E03GBA353520
90R100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-C7-E-03-GBA-35-35-20 90R100MA1BC60S3C7E03GBA353520
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-C7-E-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC60S3C7E03GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-C7-E-03-GBA-38-38-20 90R100MA1BC60S3C7E03GBA383820
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-C7-E-03-GBA-42-42-20 90R100MA1BC60S3C7E03GBA424220
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-C7-E-03-GBA-45-45-24 90R100MA1BC60S3C7E03GBA454524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-C7-E-04-GBA-42-42-24 90R100MA1BC60S3C7E04GBA424224
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-C7-F-03-GBA-42-42-24 90R100MA1BC60S3C7F03GBA424224
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-F1-E-03-GBA-20-20-20 90R100MA1BC60S3F1E03GBA202020
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-F1-E-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC60S3F1E03GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-F1-E-03-GBA-42-42-20 90R100MA1BC60S3F1E03GBA424220
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-F1-E-03-GBA-42-42-24 90R100MA1BC60S3F1E03GBA424224
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-F1-F-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC60S3F1F03GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-3-S1-E-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC60S3S1E03GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-4-C7-E-03-GBA-42-42-24 90R100MA1BC60S4C7E03GBA424224
90R100-MA-1-BC-60-S-4-C7-F-03-GBA-38-38-24 90R100MA1BC60S4C7F03GBA383824
4.氣泡破裂:空化氣泡的破裂產(chǎn)生局部高能力。當(dāng)氣泡在固體表面(例如泵的活塞或氣缸壁)附近破裂時(shí),快速內(nèi)爆會(huì)產(chǎn)生沖擊波,從而導(dǎo)致腐蝕、點(diǎn)蝕和振動(dòng)。這種塌陷引起的沖擊波還會(huì)引起流動(dòng)擾動(dòng)和壓力波動(dòng),從而導(dǎo)致流動(dòng)脈動(dòng)。
5.活塞運(yùn)動(dòng):軸向高壓柱塞泵通過往復(fù)活塞進(jìn)行工作,活塞在泵缸內(nèi)來回運(yùn)動(dòng)。由于活塞、液體和空化氣泡之間的相互作用,活塞的運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生壓力變化和流量波動(dòng)。這些壓力變化會(huì)導(dǎo)致泵流量脈動(dòng)。
7、泵的效率和性能:氣蝕不僅會(huì)引起流量脈動(dòng),還會(huì)導(dǎo)致泵的效率和性能下降。當(dāng)空化氣泡破裂時(shí),它們會(huì)產(chǎn)生局部高溫高壓區(qū)域,這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致材料損壞并降低泵的整體效率??栈鸬拿}動(dòng)還會(huì)導(dǎo)致流動(dòng)不穩(wěn)定和容積效率降低。
8.壓力波動(dòng):空化氣泡的破裂會(huì)在泵的流路中產(chǎn)生壓力波動(dòng)。這些壓力波動(dòng)可能表現(xiàn)為泵出口流量的脈動(dòng),導(dǎo)致下游壓力和流速出現(xiàn)不良變化。在極端情況下,這些脈動(dòng)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致泵部件產(chǎn)生機(jī)械應(yīng)力,甚至導(dǎo)致結(jié)構(gòu)損壞。
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-4-C7-F-03-GBA-38-38-24 90R100MA1BC60S4C7F03GBA383824
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-60-S-4-S1-E-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC60S4S1E03GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-80-L-3-F1-E-02-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC80L3F1E02GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-80-L-3-F1-E-03-GBA-42-42-24 90R100MA1BC80L3F1E03GBA424224
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-80-L-3-S1-F-03-GBA-38-38-24 90R100MA1BC80L3S1F03GBA383824
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-80-L-4-F1-E-03-GBA-42-42-24 90R100MA1BC80L4F1E03GBA424224
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-80-L-4-S1-F-03-GBA-38-38-24-F068 90R100MA1BC80L4S1F03GBA383824F068
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-80-P-3-F1-E-03-GBA-38-38-24 90R100MA1BC80P3F1E03GBA383824
90R100-MA-1-BC-80-S-3-C7-E-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC80S3C7E03GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-80-S-3-C7-E-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC80S3C7E03GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-80-S-3-C7-E-03-GBA-38-38-24 90R100MA1BC80S3C7E03GBA383824
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-80-S-3-S1-E-02-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC80S3S1E02GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-80-S-3-S1-E-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC80S3S1E03GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-80-S-4-S1-D-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC80S4S1D03GBA353524
90R100-MA-1-BC-80-S-4-S1-D-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC80S4S1D03GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-BC-80-S-4-S1-E-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1BC80S4S1E03GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-CD-60-D-4-F1-L-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1CD60D4F1L03GBA353524
90-R-100-MA-1-CD-60-L-3-C7-E-03-GBA-32-32-24 90R100MA1CD60L3C7E03GBA323224
90-R-100-MA-1-CD-60-L-3-C7-F-03-GBA-42-42-24 90R100MA1CD60L3C7F03GBA424224
90-R-100-MA-1-CD-60-L-3-S1-E-03-GBA-35-35-24 90R100MA1CD60L3S1E03GBA353524
9.氣蝕腐蝕:氣蝕引起的流量脈動(dòng)會(huì)加劇泵部件的腐蝕。當(dāng)空化氣泡在固體表面附近破裂時(shí),強(qiáng)烈的能量釋放會(huì)導(dǎo)致侵蝕,導(dǎo)致表面損壞并縮短組件的使用壽命。侵蝕在高壓泵中尤其成問題,因?yàn)樗菀鸬臎_擊波更加嚴(yán)重。
10.振動(dòng)和噪聲:空化流脈動(dòng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致泵和周圍系統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)和噪聲水平增加??栈瘹馀莸目焖倨屏旬a(chǎn)生聲能,可以以噪聲和振動(dòng)的形式傳播。這些振動(dòng)會(huì)影響泵和附近設(shè)備的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性,導(dǎo)致維護(hù)要求增加和潛在故障。
11.流動(dòng)不穩(wěn)定:空化引起的流動(dòng)脈動(dòng)和系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)之間的相互作用會(huì)導(dǎo)致流動(dòng)不穩(wěn)定。脈動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性可能導(dǎo)致流量振蕩、壓力波動(dòng)和泵運(yùn)行的不穩(wěn)定。這些不穩(wěn)定性會(huì)進(jìn)一步降低泵的效率和性能,并增加部件的磨損。
為了解決空化流脈動(dòng),泵設(shè)計(jì)者和工程師采用各種策略,包括優(yōu)化泵的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),例如葉輪幾何形狀、入口條件和間隙。他們還可以使用具有改進(jìn)的抗空蝕能力的材料。此外,采用先進(jìn)的控制系統(tǒng)(例如變速驅(qū)動(dòng)器和壓力調(diào)節(jié)技術(shù))可以幫助減輕流量脈動(dòng)并保持泵的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。
值得注意的是,空化流脈動(dòng)的具體機(jī)制和嚴(yán)重程度可能因泵的設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)行條件和流體特性而異。因此,全面了解系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力學(xué)和詳細(xì)分析泵的性能對(duì)于有效緩解氣蝕相關(guān)問題至關(guān)重要。